CRISPR-Cas: the effective immune systems in the prokaryotes
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Abstract:
Approximately all sequenced archaeal and half of eubacterial genomes have some sort of adaptive immune system, which enables them to target and cleave invading foreign genetic elements by an RNAi-like pathway. CRISPR–Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–CRISPR-associated proteins) systems consist of the CRISPR loci with multiple copies of a short repeat sequence separated by variable sequences with similar size that are derived from invaders and cas genes encode proteins involved in RNA binding, endo- and exo-nucleases, helicases, and polymerases activities. There are three main types (I, II and III) of CRISPR/Cas systems. All systems function in three distinct stages: (1) adaptation, (2) crRNA biogenesis, and (3) interference. This review focuses on the features and mechanisms of the CRISPR-Cas systems and current finding about them.
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Journal title
volume 4 issue 1
pages 334- 344
publication date 2014-06-01
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